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OBJECTIVE To establish the method for determination of bile acid active constituents （cholic acid， hyodeoxycholic acid and sodium taurocholate） in Babao jingfeng powder， and to compare the differences of 3 constituents in Babao jingfeng powder from different manufacturers. METHODS UPLC-MS method was adopted to determine the contents of cholic acid， hyodeoxycholic acid and sodium taurocholate in 9 batches of Babao jingfeng powder from 3 manufacturers. The separation was performed on a Phenomenex Luna® C18 column with mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile-water （gradient elution） at a flow rate of 0.5 mL/min. The column temperature was 40 ℃ and the sample size was 2 μL. MS system was operated in a negative ion single quadrupole mode， and the m/z of cholic acid， hyodeoxycholic acid and sodium taurocholate were 407.2， 392.2 and 514.2， respectively. With the contents of three components as the index， cluster analysis and principle component analysis were performed on 9 batches of samples. RESULTS The linear ranges of cholic acid， hyodeoxycholic acid and sodium taurocholate were 5.48- 548.40， 5.38-538.40， 4.74-474.05 ng/mL， respectively （r≥ 0.999 3）. RSDs of precision， repeatability and stability tests（24 h） were all lower than or equal to 3.7% （n＝6）， and the average recoveries were 103.3%， 103.3% and 101.6% with RSDs of 3.3%， 3.4%， 4.2% （n＝6）， respectively. The contentsof cholic acid ranged 0.702-1.711 mg/g， those of deoxycholic acid ranged 0.599-2.049 mg/g， and those of sodium taurocholate ranged 0.664-1.752 mg/g in 9 batches of samples. The average content of 3 components in samples from manufacturer A was high， and the difference between batches was the smallest； the average content of 3 components from manufacturer C was the lowest， and the difference between batches was large. Cluster analysis could basically distinguish samples from different manufacturers； cluster analysis was conducted by using the comprehensive score of principal components as an indicator， the results of which were basically consistent with those of cluster analysis for content. CONCLUSIONS The method is established successfully for the content determination of the 3 bile acid active constituents of artificial bezoar in Babao jingfeng powder. The contents of 3 components in Babao jingfeng powder from 3 manufacturers are significantly different.
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Objective:To investigate the effect of tidal volume (Vt DI) on pulse pressure variation (ΔPP DI) during deep inspiration maneuvers in spontaneously breathing patients with sepsis and to test if adjusting ΔPP DI by Vt DI can further improve its ability in predicting fluid responsiveness (FR). Methods:Spontaneously breathing, nonintubated sepsis or septic shock patients who were admitted to the Intensive Care Unit of the Characteristic Medical Center of Chinese People's Armed Police Force and Nanjing Gaochun People's Hospital were prospectively enrolled from October 2017 to October 2019. Volume expansion (VE) was performed by infusing 500 mL saline over 20 min. Prior to VE, measurements including pulse pressure variation and tidal volume were obtained during quiet spontaneous breathing (ΔPP TB and Vt TB, respectively) and during the deep inspiration maneuver (ΔPP DI and Vt DI, respectively). Patients were classified as responders if stroke volume (SV) increased ≥ 15% after VE, otherwise non-responders. Multiple linear regression analysis was conducted to investigate the correlation of ΔPP DI with Vt DI and VE-induced percentage changes in SV (ΔSV). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis and the gray zone approach were used to assess the ability of each index to predict FR. Changes in gray zone limits according to the cost ratio (R = cost[false positive (FP)]/cost[false negative (FN)]) were also evaluated. Results:Of the included 31 patients, 17 were responders. There was no significant difference in ΔPP TB between fluid responders and non-responders ( P>0.05), whereas ΔPP DI was significantly higher in responders than in non-responders [(19.1±7.4)% vs (11.2±4.5)%; P=0.001]. The area under the ROC curve (AUC) of ΔPP DI predicted FR was 0.832, sensitivity of 76.47% and specificity of 71.43%, which was significantly higher than ΔPP TB (AUC=0.580, sensitivity of 47.06% and specificity of 71.43%; P<0.05). Multiple linear regression analysis showed that both Vt DI and ΔSV were independently associated with ΔPP DI ( P<0.01), the AUC of ΔPP DI adjusted by Vt DI was signigicantly higher than that of ΔPP DI alone ( P=0.03). Among the ΔPP TB, ΔPP DI and ΔPP DI/Vt DI, ΔPP DI/Vt DI had the narrowest gray zone (12.7-14.5) for the normal fluid policy (R=1), which only included 19% of the patients. When applying "restrictive" fluid management (R=2), the gray zone for ΔPP DI/Vt DI was 12.8-14.5 and included only 2 patients (6.5%). Conclusions:In spontaneously breathing, nonintubated patients with sepsis or septic shock, the ΔPP value obtained during the deep inspiration maneuver predicts FR with moderate accuracy. Given the close correlation between Vt DI and ΔPP DI, ΔPP DI adjusted by Vt DI performs better than ΔPP DI alone in predicting FR.
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OBJECTIVE：To establish a method for the determination of plasma protein binding rate of rosmarinic acid ，caffeic acid and chlorogenic acid from Glechoma longituba . METHODS ：UHPLC method combined with ultrafiltration method was adopted to determine the plasma protein binding rate of rosmarinic acid ，caffeic acid and chlorogenic acid from G. longituba in the plasma of New Zealand rabbits. The determination was performed on a Phenomenex Luna ® C18 column with mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile （A）-0.1％ formic acid solution （B）（gradient elution ）at the flow rate of 0.5 mL/min. The column temperature was set at 45 ℃，and the detection wavelength was 327 nm. The sample size was 3 μL. RESULTS：At low ，medium and high concentrations，the plasma binding rates of rosmarinic acid were （97.78 ± 1.67）％ ，（94.32 ± 1.42）％ ，（95.12 ± 1.51）％ ， respectively（n＝3）；those of caffeic acid were （90.12±2.33）％，（89.53±1.98）％，（90.23±1.56）％，respectively（n＝3）；those of chlorogenic acid were （63.23 ± 2.12）％ ，（67.87 ± 1.06）％ ，（62.34 ± 1.34）％ ，respectively （n＝3）. CONCLUSIONS ： Established method is easy to operate and shorter time for analysis. It can be used to determine the plasma protein binding rate of rosmarinic acid ，caffeic acid and chlorogenic acid in G. longituba .
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【Objective】 To analyze the quality level of the laboratory pre-analytical phase, so as to take effective quality improvement interventions to further standardize the operation and provide basis for ensuring the quality of blood testing. 【Methods】 Pre-analytical phase quality indicators of blood screening laboratory in Shanghai Blood Center were established, and those had serious impact on blood safety were defined as the sentinel indicators. The pre-analytical quality level of our laboratory from 2018 to 2020 was statistically analyzed in terms of four parts including sample collection, preservation and submission, centrifugation and quality inspection, which contained 17 indicators. 【Results】 Eleven sentinel indicators were established, and the order of peak value from high to low in three years was as follows: " label omission" rated at 0.000 62% (2020), " label error" 0.000 57% (2018), " inappropriate storage of samples before detection" 0.007 39 (2018), " unqualified application form for sample detection" 0.007 39 (2018). The causes were analyzed and relevant measures were taken. Six monitoring indicators were established, and the order of peak value from high to low in three years was as follows: " insufficient sample" rated at 0.002 59% (year 2018), " hemolysis" 0.002 80% (year 2020), " pale color of blood supernatant (diluted)" 0.000 86 (2018), " automatic sampling interfered by blood clot" 0.027 02% (2018). 【Conclusion】 The quality indexes of pre-analytical phase in our laboratory have reached the level of domestic and international clinical laboratories. The establishment of pre-analytical quality indicators and sentinel indicators, with effective analysis and application, can fully record and monitor the quality of each link before laboratory testing, which is helpful to timely identify risks, detect deviations, and quickly implement corrective and preventive measures, thus further ensure the safety of clinical blood use.
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Objective:To evaluate the diagnostic value of dual-phase enhanced spiral CT scanning in common benign and malignant parotid gland tumors.Methods:Sixty-four cases of parotid tumors confirmed by operation and pathology in Zhejiang Quhua Hospital from January 2016 to January2019 were retrospectively analyzed. The morphological characteristics of benign and malignant parotid tumors and the enhancement characteristics of common parotid tumors were compared.Results:Among 64 parotid tumors, there were 50 cases (78.1%) of benign tumor, 26cases (52.0%) of pleomorphic adenoma, 17cases (34.0%) of adenolymphoma, 7 cases (14.0%) of other benign tumors, and the coincidence rate of dual-phase enhanced spiral CT scanning in diagnosis of benign parotid gland tumors was 88.0%(44/50). Fourteen cases (21.9%) had malignant tumor, 5 cases(5/14) had mucoepidermoid carcinoma, 9 cases had other malignant tumors, and the coincidence rate of dual-phase enhanced spiral CT scanning in diagnosis of malignant parotid gland tumors was 12/14. The total coincidence rate of dual-phase enhanced spiral CT scanning was 87.5%(56/64). The clear boundary and no lymphadenectasis were the characteristic of benign tumor, and fuzzy boundary and lymphadenectasis were the characteristic of malignant tumor. There were no significant differences between benign tumor and malignant tumor in outline and cystic change ( P>0.05). The arterial stage enhancement rate of adenolymphoma was higher than that of pleomorphic adenoma and mucoepidermoid carcinoma (2.78 ± 0.90 vs. 1.69 ± 0.32 and 1.97 ± 0.64), the parenchymal phaseenhancement rate was lower than that of pleomorphic adenoma and mucoepidermoid carcinoma (1.69 ± 0.56 vs. 2.13 ± 0.74 and 2.24 ± 0.50), and there were significant differences ( P<0.05). The clearance rate (CWR) of pleomorphic adenoma was lower than that of adenolymphoma and mucoepidermoid carcinoma(-0.20 ± 0.15 vs. 2.34 ± 0.37 and 0.19 ± 0.07), and the CWR of mucoepidermoid carcinoma was lower than that of adenolymphoma (0.19 ± 0.07 vs. 2.34 ± 0.37), and there were significant differences ( P<0.05). Conclusions:Thedual-phase enhanced spiral CT scanning in the diagnosis of common benign and malignant parotid gland tumors is of great value.
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Asthma is a chronic inflammatory respiratory disease characterized by variable airway obstruction, airway hyperresponsiveness, and airway remodeling.In the respiratory tract, nitric oxide(NO) is generated via oxidation of L-arginine that is catalyzed by inducible nitric oxide synthase(iNOS). In hypoxia-ischemia and inflammation processes, iNOS is induced to produce excessive NO, playing an important role in asthma, including the modulation of airway and vascular smooth muscle tone and the inflammation.This review focuses on recent research achievements regarding the relationship between NO and iNOS and asthma.
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Objective@#To explore the relationship between dietary patterns and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD) among college freshmen of Hangzhou area, and provide scientific evidence for the prevention of NAFLD in universities.@*Methods@#The 1 752 freshmen students from six universities were selected to perform a questionnaire survey, including general information, and dietary survey in the last year, by using a random sampling method. Factor analysis was used to achieve the major dietary patterns.@*Results@#Three dietary patterns were obtained from the analysis, including the animal food, Western fast food, and traditional Chinese patterns. After adjusting for confounding factors, participants in the highest tertile of the animal food and Western fast food pattern had significantly higher BMI (P<0.01). Besides, participants in the highest tertile of the Western fast-food pattern had higher ALT and AST than those in the lowest tertile(P<0.05). Conversely, participants in the highest tertile of the traditional Chinese pattern had lower BMI, ALT and AST than those in the lowest tertile(P<0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed that Western pattern might increase the risk of NAFLD (OR=1.26, 95%CI=1.09-1.72, P<0.05), whereas the traditional Chinese pattern might decrease the risk of NAFLD (OR=0.51, 95%CI=0.38-0.74, P<0.05).@*Conclusion@#Different dietary patterns are closely related to NAFLD in college freshmen. Chinese traditional food should be kept their diet, red meat and fried food should be reduced to decrease. the risk of NAFLD.
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OBJECTIVE@#To observe the effect difference between blood-letting and cupping therapy combined with basic treatment and simple basic treatment for upper limb spasticity in the recovery phase of stroke.@*METHODS@#Sixty patients of upper limb spasticity in the recovery phase of stroke were randomly assigned into an observation group and a control group, 30 cases in each group. In the control group, the basic treatment, including the internal treatment, acupuncture and rehabilitation, was used for 2 weeks, 6 times a week, once a day. Based on the basic treatment, blood-letting, at 3 -well points each time, and cupping therapy were used at the most obvious spasm point in the belly of biceps muscle in the observation group for 2 weeks, 3 time a week, once every other day. The spasm score, passive traction value, and moter function score of upper limb were assessed in the two groups before and after treatment. The effects were compared between the two groups.@*RESULTS@#After treatment, the spasm scores and passive traction values were lower than those before treatment in the two groups (all <0.01), with better score and value as well as different values before and after treatment in the observation group (<0.05, <0.01). After treatment, the motor function scores were higher than those before treatment in the two groups (both <0.01), with better score and different value before and after treatment in the observation group (both <0.05). The total effective rate was 90.0% (27/30) in the observation group, which was better than 76.7% (23/30) in the control group (<0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#Based on the basic treatment, blood-letting combined with cupping therapy are effective for upper limb spasticity in the recovery phase of stroke.
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Humans , Acupuncture Therapy , Bloodletting , Muscle Spasticity , Stroke , Stroke Rehabilitation , Treatment Outcome , Upper ExtremityABSTRACT
Objective With the purpose of further improving blood safety and providing the reference basis for a strategy suitable for large-scale routine screening of irregular antibodies in blood service,the irregular antibodies in blood samples from donors in Shanghai area were investigated.Method Irregular blood antibodies were screened in 824 072 blood donors through combined method of saline medium and microplate papain.Result 1 246 samples of blood donors were detected with irregular antibodies among the total 824 072 samples which indicate the positive rate of 1.51‰.Conclusion Screening of irregular antibodies in blood samples from donors can effectively reduce or avoid hemolytic transfusion reactions.The combined method of saline medium and microplate papain is an effective method for large-scale routine screening of irregular antibodies in blood service.
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Objective To study the methods andfeasibility of re-entry of NAT reactive blood donors.Methods ELISA Non-Reactive(NR) and NAT Reactive(R) Blood Donors in 2012-2014 were selected and informed consent.Blood samples collected were tested:ELISA (HBsAg、Anti-HCV、Anti-HIV and Anti-TP) and NAT (HBV-DNA、HCV-RNA and HIVRNA).ELISA NR/NAT NR samples were tested by ECLA for HBsAg、HBeAg、Anti-HBs、Anti-HBc、Anti-HBe、Anti-HCV、Anti-HIV.Results 30 donors were called back,and 11 of them were ELISA NR/NAT R,which were deferred permanently.19 of them were ELISA NR/NAT NR,and the ECLA results were 89.5％ ELISA NR/NAT NR donors were Anti-HBc R and/or Anti-HBe R (12 cases Anti-HBc/Anti-HBe R、5 cases Anti-HBe R).Anti-HBc R or Anti-HBe R donors had risk of infection,which were deferred permanently.2 cases all items Non-Reactive may be eligible for re-entry.Conclusion Re-entry of NAT reactive blood donors is very necessary and meaningful,but in the view of blood safety,it is important that establish a set of safe program for Chinese.
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It is widely accepted that diabetes is intimately linked to diet. The latest researches showed that diet-microbiota interactions acted as moderators of human diabetes. Gluten-free diet and hydrolyzed protein decreased the incidence of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM)by the mechanism of changes in gut microbiota and immune micro-environment. Consuming more dairy products decreased the incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). High fat diet can induce insulin resistance (IR),thus increasing the incidence of T2DM. Parental dietary affected on offspring diabetes by the epigenetic mechanism. Low carbohydrate diet,dietary fiber and legumes were effective to the treatment of diabetes. Prediction of postprandial glucose level and treatment based on gut microbiota contributed to control the glucose of diabetic patients. An in-depth understanding of these mechanisms provides new ideas for the individualized and precise treatment of diabetes.
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BACKGROUND:Previous studies showed that neurotrophic factor has a variety of functions, which can effectively maintain the survival of neurons after injury. OBJECTIVE:To observe the effect of adenovirus-mediated brain-derived neurotrophic factor on the differentiation of endogenous neural stem cels after intracerebral hemorrhage in rats. METHODS:A total of 90 Sprague-Dawley rat models of cerebral hemorrhage were made. At 12 hours after cerebral hemorrhage, 5-bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) was intraperitonealy injected, twice a day, for 10 consecutive days. After model establishment, rats were randomly divided into three groups, 30 rats in each group, and were respectively subjected to brain stereotaxic injection of adenovirus vector, adenovirus-mediated brain-derived neurotrophic factor and physiological saline. At 1 day, 3 days, 1 week, 2 weeks, 3 weeks, and 4 weeks, neurological deficit score was evaluated. Absorbancevalue of growth associated protein around the area of hematoma after intracerebral hemorrhage was measured. At 4 weeks after injection, double immunostaining was used to detect the expression of BrdU/NeuN and BrdU/glial fibrilary acidic protein (GFAP). RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1) With the passage of time, nerve function defect score decreased in the three groups. At 1-4 weeks after injection, nerve function deficit scoreswere lower in the adenovirus-mediated brain-derived neurotrophic factor group thanthat in the adenovirus vector group and saline group (P< 0.05). (2) With the passage of time, the average absorbance of three groups in the peri-hematoma region first increased and then decreased. The absorbance value was higher in the adenovirus-mediated brain-derived neurotrophic factor group than in the adenovirus vector group and saline group at 3 days-4 weeks (P< 0.05). (3) BrdU/NeuN and BrdU/GFAP rates were significantly higher in the adenovirus-mediated brain-derived neurotrophic factor group thanthat of adenovirus vector group and saline group (P< 0.05). (4) The results show that the brain-derived neurotrophic factor mediated by adenovirus, and intervention on cerebral hemorrhage in rats can effectively promote the differentiation of endogenousneural stem cels, and promote the recovery of neural function in animal.
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BACKGROUND:Cerebral hemorrhage can activate the proliferation and differentiation of neural stem cel s in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus. Through continuous differentiation and proliferation, endogenous neural stem cel s can gradual y replace aging and damaged neurons, thus protecting the brain structure. OBJECTIVE:To compare the difference of the proliferation and differentiation of neural stem cel s in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus of rats with different ages. METHODS:Ninety-six adult rats and 96 aged rats were randomly divided into normal group (n=18 per group), sham operation group (n=12 per group) and cerebral hemorrhage group (model group, n=66 per group), respectively. Cerebral hemorrhage models were made in the two model groups in which, the rats were subjected to cerebral hemorrhage for 6, 24, 48, 72 hours and 7 days, respectively. Then, brain tissues were col ected to measure brain water content. BrdU/NeuN and BrdU/GFAP double staining were performed at 3, 7, 14, 21, 28 days after surgery to calculate the number of positive cel s. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:For both adult and aged rats, the brain water content was significantly higher than that in the normal group and sham operation group (P<0.05), while in the normal and sham operation groups, the brain water content was significantly lower in the aged rats than the adult rats (P<0.05). The number of bilateral BrdU-positive cel s in the adult and aged model groups was significantly higher than that in the corresponding normal and sham operation groups (P<0.05), and moreover, the positive cel number at the hemorrhage side was significantly higher than that at the opposite side (P<0.05). In addition, the number of BrdU-positive cel s at the hemorrhage side in the adult rats was significantly higher than that in the aged rats at different time after cerebral hemorrhage (P<0.05). Results from immunohistochemical double staining showed that the BrdU/NeuN and BrdU/GFAP expression in the hippocampal dentate gyrus of adult rats with cerebral hemorrhage was significantly higher than that of normal adult rats. Al these experimental results show that there are a few neural stem cel s proliferating in the hippocampal dentate gyrus of normal rats, and the proliferation ability is stronger in the adult rats than the aged rats. Cerebral hemorrhage can significantly strengthen the proliferation of neural stem cel s in the dentate gyrus in the adult rats compared with the aged rats.
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BACKGROUND:Acupuncture point matching is little reported in the electroacupuncture for cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury. OBJECTIVE:To explore the influence of electroacupuncture acupoints selected by orthogonal experiment on rats with cerebral ischemia reperfusion and extracel ular signal regulated kinase (ERK) signal pathway. METHODS:150 Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into five groups:sham operation group rats were exposed the middle cerebral artery only;models of cerebral ischemia reperfusion were established in the rats in model and orthogonal groups. Then rats in the orthogonal groups 1 (Baihui (DU 20), Quchi (LI 11), Zusanli (ST 36), and Chize (LU 5)), 2 (Baihui (DU 20), Zusanli (ST 36), Chize (LU 5), and Sanyinjiao (SP 6)) and 3 (Hegu (LI 4), Zusanli (ST 36), Chize (LU 5) and Sanyinjiao (SP 6)) were given electroacupuncture at acupoints selected by orthogonal experiment, respectively. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Compared with the model group, in al orthogonal groups, the neurological function deficit scores were decreased, infarct volume was smal er, the number of microvessel density in the ischemia region and the p-ERK expression level in the cortex and hippocampal CA1 region of ischemic hemisphere were increased, and significant changes were found in the orthogonal group 3. These findings indicate that electroacupuncture at points of Hegu (LI 4), Zusanli (ST 36), Chize (LU 5) and Sanyinjiao (SP 6) selected by orthogonal experiment can significantly reduce the infarct volume of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats possibly by regulating the ERK signaling pathway.
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Objective To verify the targeting regulatory relationship between microRNA -939 (miR -939) and CD2 -associated protein (CD2AP).Methods The online RegRNA software was used to predict the human CD2AP promoter for potential binding sites complementary to miR -939.HEK -293T cells were cotransfected with hu-man CD2AP promoter plasmid pGL3 -2K and microRNA negative control (miR -NC)or miR -939 mimics,and the relative luciferase activity(RLA)was detected at 24 h post -transfection.HEK -293T cells were transfected with miR -NC or miR -939 mimics for 48 h,and the CD2AP mRNA expression level was detected by adopting reverse tran-script and real -time fluorescence quantification -PCR,while the CD2AP protein expression level was detected by using Western blot.Results (1 )There were 2 miR -939 binding sites at CD2AP promoter region,located at -468 to -491 and -654 to -677 upstream of initiation codon ATG (marked as +1 )relatively.(2)At 30 nmol/L,50 nmol/L,the RLA in miR -NC group and miR -939 group were 6.81 ±0.88 vs 6.07 ±2.24,5.88 ±1 .44 vs 3.94 ± 0.79 relatively,and there were no significant differences between the 2 groups (t =3.04,2.06,all P >0.05),while the RLA between the 2 groups were 5.58 ±0.58 vs 3.29 ±0.64 at 1 00 nmol/L,and the difference was significant between the 2 groups(t =4.07,P <0.05).(3)At 30 nmol/L,50 nmol/L and 100 nmol/L,the relative CD2AP mRNA expression in miR -NC group and miR -939 group were 1 .00 ±0.01 vs 0.80 ±0.08,1 .00 ±0.00 vs 0.80 ±0.1 3 and 1 .00 ± 0.00 vs 0.72 ±0.07 relatively,while the CD2AP mRNA expression was decreased by 20% -30% at each concentration level,and there were significant differences between the 2 groups (t =4.44,2.93,6.84,all P <0.05).(4)At 50 nmol/L, the relative CD2AP protein expression in miR -NC group and miR -939 group were 0.48 ±0.09 vs 0.19 ±0.12,and the CD2AP protein expression was decreased,and the difference was significant (t =3.36,P <0.05).Conclusions CD2AP is the target gene of miR -939,and miR -939 can down -regulate the expression of CD2AP both in mRNA and protein levels by targeting its promoter region,which indicates that miR -939 may mediate the podocyte injury.
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Even one the same pathological type of various kinds of refractory nephrotic syndrome has great dif-ferent pathogenesis. It is more reported in recent years that new nephrotic medications(such as Ofatumumab and Eculi-zumab)or novel utilized old medications(such as CoQ10,galactose and retinoic acid)used in other diseases were re-searched and developed based on the mechanisms of nephrotic syndrome,or new mechanisms were contrarily discovered when new medications used in other diseases were effectively used in refractory nephrotic syndrome. Here,the novel medications which were successfully used in clinic patients with refractory nephrotic syndrome,or laboratory proteinuric animal models,or the old medications with new and effective actions were introduced. Their mechanisms of drug actions were also briefly described. It is hoped that these information has practical value for the medication selection by clinical nephrologist and for the collision of research idea inspiration by investigators in nephropathy research area.
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Objective To observe the therapeutic efficacy of acupuncture at the interiorly-exteriorly related meridians plus rehabilitation training in treating post-stroke shoulder-hand syndrome. Methods Sixty eligible patients with post-stroke shoulder-hand syndrome were randomized into a treatment group and a control group, 30 in each group. The treatment group was intervened by acupuncture at the interiorly-exteriorly related meridians plus rehabilitation training, while the control group was by rehabilitation training alone. After 2 treatment courses, the Fugl-Meyer Assessment (FMA), visual analogue scale (VAS) and edema score were observed and compared. Results The FMA, VAS, and edema scores were significantly changed in both groups after intervention (P＜0.01). There were significant differences in comparing the FMA, VAS, and edema scores between the two groups after intervention (P＜0.05). The total effective rate was 83.3%in the treatment group versus 76.7%in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (P＜0.05). Conclusion Acupuncture at the interiorly-exteriorly related meridians plus rehabilitation is an effective method in treating post-stroke shoulder-hand syndrome.
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Objective To observe the influence of exterior-interior meridian acupoint selection on hippocampal cell apoptosis and c-Jun N-terminal kinase ( JNK) in ischemia-reperfusion injury rats, and to explore the possible protective mechanism for ischemia-reperfusion injury. Methods One hundred and twenty SD rats were randomly divided into sham-operation group (SH), model group (I/R), electroacupuncture (EA) group and JNK inhibitor SP600125 ( SP) group. The ischemia-reperfusion model was established by occlusion of middle cerebral artery with intraluminal thread. EA group was given EA on acupoints of Zusanli ( ST 36) , Sanyinjiao ( SP 6) , Chize ( LU 5) , Hegu ( LI 4) , once a day, based on the method of exterior-interior meridian acupoint selection. We observed the neurological behavioral changes by Longa neurological function standard, detected the activation of phosphorylated JNK ( p-JNK) by immunohistochemical method and examined the hippocampal apoptotic index by TUNEL method. Results The neurologic impairment scores of EA group and SP group were lower than I/R group (P<0.05) . Apoptotic index of I/R group was higher than SH group (P<0.01) and that of EA group and SP group was lower than I/R group (P <0.05) . The level of p-JNK in I/R group was higher than SH group ( P <0.01) and that of EA group and SP group was lower than I/R group ( P <0.05). Conclusion Exterior-interior meridian acupoint selection therapy has certain effect on alleviating neurologic impairment and reducing apoptosis in ischemia- reperfusion injury rats, and the mechanism might be associated with the inhibition of the activation of JNK signaling pathway.
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Stimulator of interferon genes (STING) is an important protein of the innate immune response, and protects against viral infections. To search for an alternative splicing isoform of STING, we undertook rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE) and RT-PCR with RNA extracted from human embryonic kidney (HEK) 293 cells and primers designed according to the mRNA sequence of full-length STING(NM-198282. 82). The new sequence was compared using a bioinformatics method. Then, a newly discovered, alternative splicing isoform of STING, named "STING(sv)", and STING(wt) were subcloned into the eukaryotic expression vector pEGFP-C1 and pcDNA 3. 1. Whole-cell extracts were analyzed by western blotting and then probed with monoclonal antibody against enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) after transfection of EGFP-STING(wt) and EGFP-STING(wt) plasmids in HEK293 cells. pcDNA-STING(wt) and pcDNA-STING(wt) were transfected in HEK293 cells, and the luciferase assay carried out. Compared with STING(wt), STING(sv) lacks exon 7 so that shift in the reading frame may produce a protein with a different C-terminal in amino acids 1-30. Western blotting confirmed an expected strong band at 58 x 10(3) kD. The functional luciferase assay showed that STING(sv) inhibited the activity of the interferon (IFN)-β promoter. STING(sv) can be expressed in multiple tissues and distinct cell lines. Our discovery of a new, alternative splicing isoform of STING provides new insights into the functional regulation of STING. STING(sv) could be a dominant negative inhibitor for the activity of the IFN-β promoter in the virus-infection pathway. Hence, STING(sv) could participate in the "fine tuning" of the virus-induced activation of IFN. Therefore, exploring the role of STING(sv) in the pathogenesis of human diseases could be very worthwhile.